Кастраты не страдали половым бессилием, а саму операцию можно было сделать в любой итальянской парикмахерской с помощью нехитрого инструмента.
1. Слово «кастрат» имеет индийское происхождение, будучи производным от санскритского sastram — «нож».
2. В Средние века врачи применяли кастрацию для профилактики помешательства, эпилепсии и подагры.
3. Многие племена в Эфиопии до сих пор используют кастрацию как казнь — дабы лишить военнопленных возможности иметь потомство.
4. В Италии начиная с XVI века кастрировать мог всякий, даже деревенский цирюльник. В деревнях, на улицах можно было встретить такие вывески: «Кастрируем! Чисто и дешево».
5. Главной проблемой при процедуре кастрации была анестезия. Использовался либо напиток, куда подмешивался опиум, либо зажимались сонные артерии, чтобы вызвать обморочное состояние. Смертность в результате кастрации колебалась между 10% и 80%.
6. Операция никогда не производилась до достижения мальчиком семилетнего возраста и редко после двенадцати лет. Сама операция была очень быстрой.
7. Сексуальная жизнь у большинства кастратов была очень бурной: кастрация не препятствовала ни эрекции, ни семяизвержению (они страдали бесплодием, но не бессилием).
8. После кастрации голос мальчика не мутировал, то есть не становился октавой ниже, как у других подростков, а оставался высоким, полудетским-полуженским и мог быть затем поставлен в промежутке между альтом и сопрано.
9. Представление о примадонне как о капризной и взбалмошной исполнительнице сформировалось под влиянием поведения кастратов, которые в XVII–XVIII веках играли роль современных звезд. Например, кастрат Маркези настаивал, чтобы независимо от содержания оперы импресарио и сочинители давали ему возможность предстать перед публикой на вершине холма, с мечом и в шлеме, украшенном белыми и красными перьями, и чтобы первыми словами были: «Dove son io?» («Где я?»). А для того чтобы певец Ферри смог добраться и спеть для шведской королевы Кристины, было объявлено двухнедельное перемирие между Швецией и Польшей.
10. Знаменитые кастраты получали за свои выступления огромные гонорары, вызывая зависть у остальных певцов. Певец ла Габриелли запросил у Екатерины II за свое выступление пять тысяч дукатов. Императрица была возмущена и заявила, что у нее ни один фельдмаршал столько не получает, но ла Габриелли не моргнув отвечал: «Отлично, Ваше Величество, вот и заставьте их петь!» Екатерина II заплатила пять тысяч.
11. Передать голос кастратов сегодня невозможно: лучшие фальцеты не вписываются в традицию барочных опер, так как не обладают диапазоном и силой, которыми обладали голоса кастратов. Переодетые мужчинами певицы подобного впечатления создать не могут. В 1994 году в фильме Жерара Корбьо «Фаринелли-кастрат» была произведена попытка воссоздать огромный диапазон голоса Фаринелли искусственно: сопрано записали поверх контртенора, а затем с помощью компьютерной обработки заставили эту смесь звучать как один голос.
Translation: Alters do not suffer impotence, and the very operation can be done in any Italian barber shop with the help of simple tools.
1. The word "castrate" is of Indian origin, being derived from the Sanskrit sastram - «a knife."
2. In the Middle Ages, doctors used castration to prevent insanity, epilepsy, and gout.
3. Many tribes in Ethiopia are still using castration as punishment - in order to deprive prisoners of war the opportunity to have offspring.
4. In Italy, since the XVI century could castrate anyone, even a village barber. In villages, the streets were to be found such signs: "Kastriruem! Clean and cheap. "
5. The main problem in the procedure of castration was the anesthesia. Used or drink, which is mixed opium, or clamped carotid arteries to cause fainting. Mortality as a result of castration ranged between 10% and 80%.
6. The operation is never performed until a boy seven years of age and rarely after the age of twelve. The operation itself was very fast.
7. Sexual life in the majority of castrati was very stormy: castration does not interfere with nor an erection or ejaculation (which suffered from infertility, but not impotence).
8. After castration, the boy's voice is not mutated, that is not getting an octave lower, as with other teenagers, and has remained high, childlike-poluzhenskim and could be then placed in between the alto and soprano.
9. The concept of the prima donna as a capricious and whimsical singer, formed under the influence behavior of castrates that in XVII-XVIII centuries, played the role of today's stars. For example, the castrato Marchesi insisted that regardless of the content of the opera impresario and the writers gave him the opportunity to appear before the public on a hilltop with a sword and a helmet adorned with white and red feathers, and that the first words were: «Dove son io?» (« Where am I? "). And to singer Ferry was able to reach and to sing for Queen Christina of Sweden, a two-week truce was declared between Sweden and Poland.
10. Famous castrati received for their performances huge fees, causing envy among the other singers. Singer La Gabrielli has asked Catherine II for her performance five thousand ducats. The Empress was outraged and said that she had no marshal does not get much, but La Gabrielli answered without hesitation: "Well, Your Majesty, here and make them sing!" Catherine II had paid five thousand.
11. Send voice castrato impossible today: best falsetto does not fit into the tradition of Baroque operas, because they do not have the range and power possessed by the castrato voice. Disguised as men, the singer of such experiences can not create. In 1994, a film by Gerard Corbeau "Farinelli, castrato" was an attempt to recreate a huge range of voices artificially Farinelli: soprano over countertenor recorded, and then use computer processing made this mix to sound like one voice.
1. The word "castrate" is of Indian origin, being derived from the Sanskrit sastram - «a knife."
2. In the Middle Ages, doctors used castration to prevent insanity, epilepsy, and gout.
3. Many tribes in Ethiopia are still using castration as punishment - in order to deprive prisoners of war the opportunity to have offspring.
4. In Italy, since the XVI century could castrate anyone, even a village barber. In villages, the streets were to be found such signs: "Kastriruem! Clean and cheap. "
5. The main problem in the procedure of castration was the anesthesia. Used or drink, which is mixed opium, or clamped carotid arteries to cause fainting. Mortality as a result of castration ranged between 10% and 80%.
6. The operation is never performed until a boy seven years of age and rarely after the age of twelve. The operation itself was very fast.
7. Sexual life in the majority of castrati was very stormy: castration does not interfere with nor an erection or ejaculation (which suffered from infertility, but not impotence).
8. After castration, the boy's voice is not mutated, that is not getting an octave lower, as with other teenagers, and has remained high, childlike-poluzhenskim and could be then placed in between the alto and soprano.
9. The concept of the prima donna as a capricious and whimsical singer, formed under the influence behavior of castrates that in XVII-XVIII centuries, played the role of today's stars. For example, the castrato Marchesi insisted that regardless of the content of the opera impresario and the writers gave him the opportunity to appear before the public on a hilltop with a sword and a helmet adorned with white and red feathers, and that the first words were: «Dove son io?» (« Where am I? "). And to singer Ferry was able to reach and to sing for Queen Christina of Sweden, a two-week truce was declared between Sweden and Poland.
10. Famous castrati received for their performances huge fees, causing envy among the other singers. Singer La Gabrielli has asked Catherine II for her performance five thousand ducats. The Empress was outraged and said that she had no marshal does not get much, but La Gabrielli answered without hesitation: "Well, Your Majesty, here and make them sing!" Catherine II had paid five thousand.
11. Send voice castrato impossible today: best falsetto does not fit into the tradition of Baroque operas, because they do not have the range and power possessed by the castrato voice. Disguised as men, the singer of such experiences can not create. In 1994, a film by Gerard Corbeau "Farinelli, castrato" was an attempt to recreate a huge range of voices artificially Farinelli: soprano over countertenor recorded, and then use computer processing made this mix to sound like one voice.
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